| Institution | Kind | Roles | Deals | Based in | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tier Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital29 | |||||
| AllianceBernstein | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Spekboom bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| Alliant Insurance Services | insurance-broker | broker | Belize 2021 | United States | Participant |
| Amazon | corporate | outcome-funder | Spekboom bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| AP2 (Second Swedish National Pension Fund) | pension-fund | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | Sweden | Participant |
| Apollo | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| ASN Impact Investors | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022 | Netherlands | Participant |
| Azimut Investments | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | Italy | Participant |
| Builders Vision | impact-investor | guarantor | Bahamas 2024 | United States | Participant |
| Calvert Impact Capital | impact-investor | investor | DC Water EIB 2016, Yuba I FRB 2018, Seychelles blue bond 2018 | United States | Participant |
| CSAA Insurance Group | insurer | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Yuba II FRB 2021 | United States | Participant |
| Fidelis | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 | Bermuda | Participant |
| FSD Africa Investments | bilateral-dfi | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | Kenya | Participant |
| Global Environment Facility | global-fund | outcome-funder | Rhino Bond 2022, Seychelles blue bond 2018 | United States | Participant |
| Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation | foundation | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Yuba II FRB 2021 | United States | Participant |
| Impax Asset Management | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Ingka Investments | corporate | investor | Rhino Bond 2022 | Netherlands | Participant |
| Mackenzie Investments | asset-manager | anchor-investor, investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 | Canada | Participant |
| Microsoft | corporate | outcome-funder | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | United States | Participant |
| Mosaic | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 | Bermuda | Participant |
| Muzinich & Co | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Rathbones | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| RBC BlueBay Asset Management | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Rockefeller Foundation | foundation | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Atlanta EIB 2019 | United States | Participant |
| Skandia | insurer | investor | Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 | Sweden | Participant |
| Sovereign Risk Insurance | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 | Bermuda | Participant |
| The Nature Conservancy | ngo-lender | guarantor, investor, endowment-funder | Seychelles conversion 2016, Belize 2021, Barbados 2022, Gabon 2023, Bahamas 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Cape Water bond 2026, Quintana Roo reef insurance 2019, Hawaii reef insurance | United States | Participant |
| US International Development Finance Corporation | bilateral-dfi | political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, El Salvador 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024 | United States | Participant |
| Vantage Risk | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 | Bermuda | Participant |
| Velliv | insurer | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024 | Denmark | Participant |
| Tier Tier 3: National institutions13 | |||||
| Aluwani Capital Partners | asset-manager | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Ashburton Investments | asset-manager | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| CIBC Caribbean | national-bank | arranger | Barbados 2022, Barbados climate-resilience 2024 | Barbados | Participant |
| Development Bank of Southern Africa | national-development-bank | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Eskom Pension and Provident Fund | pension-fund | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| FirstRand Bank | national-bank | issuer | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| FirstRand Foundation | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Lewis Foundation | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Optimum Investment Group | asset-manager | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Rand Merchant Bank | national-bank | arranger | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Remgro | corporate | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Rupert Nature Foundation | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Sanlam Life | insurer | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Tier Tier 1: Global allocators29 | |||||
| Amundi | asset-manager | — | — | France | Watch list |
| AXA | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, credit-insurer, parametric-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023, Bahamas 2024, Galápagos 2023, Mesoamerican Reef insurance | France | Participant |
| Bank of America | global-bank | arranger | Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024 | United States | Participant |
| BlackRock | asset-manager | — | — | United States | Watch list |
| BNP Paribas | global-bank | arranger, investor, outcome-funder | Spekboom bond 2026 | France | Participant |
| CAF, Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean | mdb | guarantor | El Salvador 2024 | Venezuela | Participant |
| Chubb | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 | Switzerland | Participant |
| Citi | global-bank | arranger | Rhino Bond 2022, Cape Water bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 | United States | Participant |
| Coface | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Galápagos 2023 | France | Participant |
| Credit Suisse | global-bank | arranger | Rhino Bond 2022, Belize 2021, Barbados 2022, Galápagos 2023 | Switzerland | Participant |
| Goldman Sachs | global-bank | investor | DC Water EIB 2016 | United States | Participant |
| HSBC | global-bank | arranger | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Uruguay SLB 2022 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Inter-American Development Bank | mdb | guarantor | Barbados 2022, Galápagos 2023, Bahamas 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Barbados climate-resilience 2024 | United States | Participant |
| International Finance Corporation | mdb | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| JPMorgan Chase | global-bank | arranger | El Salvador 2024, Uruguay SLB 2022 | United States | Participant |
| Legal & General | insurer-and-asset-manager | cornerstone-investor, investor | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| MetLife Investment Management | insurer-owned-asset-manager | investor | Spekboom bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| Mirova | asset-manager | — | — | France | Watch list |
| Morgan Stanley | global-bank | arranger, investor | Hampton EIB 2018, Buffalo EIB 2021, Spekboom bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| Munich Re | reinsurer | parametric-insurer | Mesoamerican Reef insurance, Hawaii reef insurance | Germany | Participant |
| Norges Bank Investment Management | sovereign-wealth-fund | — | — | Norway | Watch list |
| Nuveen | asset-manager | anchor-investor, investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Barbados 2022, Seychelles blue bond 2018 | United States | Participant |
| Standard Chartered | global-bank | arranger | Bahamas 2024 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| State Street | asset-manager | — | — | United States | Watch list |
| Swiss Re | reinsurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, parametric-insurer | Gabon 2023, Quintana Roo reef insurance 2019 | Switzerland | Participant |
| T. Rowe Price | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024, Rhino Bond 2022 | United States | Participant |
| Vanguard | asset-manager | — | — | United States | Watch list |
| World Bank Treasury (IBRD) | mdb | issuer, guarantor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024, Seychelles blue bond 2018 | United States | Participant |
| WTW | insurance-broker | broker | Mesoamerican Reef insurance, Hawaii reef insurance | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Institution | Kind | Roles | Deals | Based in | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amundi | asset-manager | — | — | France | Watch list |
| AXA | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, credit-insurer, parametric-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023, Bahamas 2024, Galápagos 2023, Mesoamerican Reef insurance | France | Participant |
| Bank of America | global-bank | arranger | Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024 | United States | Participant |
| BlackRock | asset-manager | — | — | United States | Watch list |
| BNP Paribas | global-bank | arranger, investor, outcome-funder | Spekboom bond 2026 | France | Participant |
| CAF, Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean | mdb | guarantor | El Salvador 2024 | Venezuela | Participant |
| Chubb | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 | Switzerland | Participant |
| Citi | global-bank | arranger | Rhino Bond 2022, Cape Water bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 | United States | Participant |
| Coface | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Galápagos 2023 | France | Participant |
| Credit Suisse | global-bank | arranger | Rhino Bond 2022, Belize 2021, Barbados 2022, Galápagos 2023 | Switzerland | Participant |
| Goldman Sachs | global-bank | investor | DC Water EIB 2016 | United States | Participant |
| HSBC | global-bank | arranger | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Uruguay SLB 2022 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Inter-American Development Bank | mdb | guarantor | Barbados 2022, Galápagos 2023, Bahamas 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Barbados climate-resilience 2024 | United States | Participant |
| International Finance Corporation | mdb | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| JPMorgan Chase | global-bank | arranger | El Salvador 2024, Uruguay SLB 2022 | United States | Participant |
| Legal & General | insurer-and-asset-manager | cornerstone-investor, investor | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| MetLife Investment Management | insurer-owned-asset-manager | investor | Spekboom bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| Mirova | asset-manager | — | — | France | Watch list |
| Morgan Stanley | global-bank | arranger, investor | Hampton EIB 2018, Buffalo EIB 2021, Spekboom bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| Munich Re | reinsurer | parametric-insurer | Mesoamerican Reef insurance, Hawaii reef insurance | Germany | Participant |
| Norges Bank Investment Management | sovereign-wealth-fund | — | — | Norway | Watch list |
| Nuveen | asset-manager | anchor-investor, investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Barbados 2022, Seychelles blue bond 2018 | United States | Participant |
| Standard Chartered | global-bank | arranger | Bahamas 2024 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| State Street | asset-manager | — | — | United States | Watch list |
| Swiss Re | reinsurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, parametric-insurer | Gabon 2023, Quintana Roo reef insurance 2019 | Switzerland | Participant |
| T. Rowe Price | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024, Rhino Bond 2022 | United States | Participant |
| Vanguard | asset-manager | — | — | United States | Watch list |
| World Bank Treasury (IBRD) | mdb | issuer, guarantor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024, Seychelles blue bond 2018 | United States | Participant |
| WTW | insurance-broker | broker | Mesoamerican Reef insurance, Hawaii reef insurance | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Institution | Kind | Roles | Deals | Based in | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AllianceBernstein | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Spekboom bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| Alliant Insurance Services | insurance-broker | broker | Belize 2021 | United States | Participant |
| Amazon | corporate | outcome-funder | Spekboom bond 2026 | United States | Participant |
| AP2 (Second Swedish National Pension Fund) | pension-fund | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | Sweden | Participant |
| Apollo | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| ASN Impact Investors | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022 | Netherlands | Participant |
| Azimut Investments | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | Italy | Participant |
| Builders Vision | impact-investor | guarantor | Bahamas 2024 | United States | Participant |
| Calvert Impact Capital | impact-investor | investor | DC Water EIB 2016, Yuba I FRB 2018, Seychelles blue bond 2018 | United States | Participant |
| CSAA Insurance Group | insurer | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Yuba II FRB 2021 | United States | Participant |
| Fidelis | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 | Bermuda | Participant |
| FSD Africa Investments | bilateral-dfi | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | Kenya | Participant |
| Global Environment Facility | global-fund | outcome-funder | Rhino Bond 2022, Seychelles blue bond 2018 | United States | Participant |
| Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation | foundation | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Yuba II FRB 2021 | United States | Participant |
| Impax Asset Management | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Ingka Investments | corporate | investor | Rhino Bond 2022 | Netherlands | Participant |
| Mackenzie Investments | asset-manager | anchor-investor, investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 | Canada | Participant |
| Microsoft | corporate | outcome-funder | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | United States | Participant |
| Mosaic | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 | Bermuda | Participant |
| Muzinich & Co | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Rathbones | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| RBC BlueBay Asset Management | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024 | United Kingdom | Participant |
| Rockefeller Foundation | foundation | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Atlanta EIB 2019 | United States | Participant |
| Skandia | insurer | investor | Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 | Sweden | Participant |
| Sovereign Risk Insurance | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 | Bermuda | Participant |
| The Nature Conservancy | ngo-lender | guarantor, investor, endowment-funder | Seychelles conversion 2016, Belize 2021, Barbados 2022, Gabon 2023, Bahamas 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Cape Water bond 2026, Quintana Roo reef insurance 2019, Hawaii reef insurance | United States | Participant |
| US International Development Finance Corporation | bilateral-dfi | political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, El Salvador 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024 | United States | Participant |
| Vantage Risk | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 | Bermuda | Participant |
| Velliv | insurer | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024 | Denmark | Participant |
| Institution | Kind | Roles | Deals | Based in | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aluwani Capital Partners | asset-manager | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Ashburton Investments | asset-manager | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| CIBC Caribbean | national-bank | arranger | Barbados 2022, Barbados climate-resilience 2024 | Barbados | Participant |
| Development Bank of Southern Africa | national-development-bank | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Eskom Pension and Provident Fund | pension-fund | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| FirstRand Bank | national-bank | issuer | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| FirstRand Foundation | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Lewis Foundation | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Optimum Investment Group | asset-manager | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Rand Merchant Bank | national-bank | arranger | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Remgro | corporate | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Rupert Nature Foundation | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Sanlam Life | insurer | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa | Participant |
| Institution | Kind | Roles | Deals | Based in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tier Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital9 | ||||
| Alliant Insurance Services | insurance-broker | broker | Belize 2021 | United States |
| Apollo | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 | United Kingdom |
| CSAA Insurance Group | insurer | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Yuba II FRB 2021 | United States |
| Fidelis | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 | Bermuda |
| Mosaic | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 | Bermuda |
| Skandia | insurer | investor | Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 | Sweden |
| Sovereign Risk Insurance | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 | Bermuda |
| Vantage Risk | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 | Bermuda |
| Velliv | insurer | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024 | Denmark |
| Tier Tier 1: Global allocators9 | ||||
| AXA | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, credit-insurer, parametric-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023, Bahamas 2024, Galápagos 2023, Mesoamerican Reef insurance | France |
| BNP Paribas | global-bank | arranger, investor, outcome-funder | Spekboom bond 2026 | France |
| Chubb | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 | Switzerland |
| Coface | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Galápagos 2023 | France |
| Legal & General | insurer-and-asset-manager | cornerstone-investor, investor | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 | United Kingdom |
| MetLife Investment Management | insurer-owned-asset-manager | investor | Spekboom bond 2026 | United States |
| Munich Re | reinsurer | parametric-insurer | Mesoamerican Reef insurance, Hawaii reef insurance | Germany |
| Swiss Re | reinsurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, parametric-insurer | Gabon 2023, Quintana Roo reef insurance 2019 | Switzerland |
| WTW | insurance-broker | broker | Mesoamerican Reef insurance, Hawaii reef insurance | United Kingdom |
| Tier Tier 3: National institutions1 | ||||
| Sanlam Life | insurer | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 | South Africa |
| Institution | Kind | Roles | Deals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tier Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital16 | |||
| AllianceBernstein | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Amazon | corporate | outcome-funder | Spekboom bond 2026 |
| AP2 (Second Swedish National Pension Fund) | pension-fund | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| ASN Impact Investors | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022 |
| Azimut Investments | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| FSD Africa Investments | bilateral-dfi | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Global Environment Facility | global-fund | outcome-funder | Rhino Bond 2022, Seychelles blue bond 2018 |
| Impax Asset Management | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Ingka Investments | corporate | investor | Rhino Bond 2022 |
| Mackenzie Investments | asset-manager | anchor-investor, investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| Microsoft | corporate | outcome-funder | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| Muzinich & Co | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| Rathbones | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| RBC BlueBay Asset Management | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| Skandia | insurer | investor | Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| Velliv | insurer | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| Tier Tier 3: National institutions12 | |||
| Aluwani Capital Partners | asset-manager | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Ashburton Investments | asset-manager | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Development Bank of Southern Africa | national-development-bank | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Eskom Pension and Provident Fund | pension-fund | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| FirstRand Bank | national-bank | issuer | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| FirstRand Foundation | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Lewis Foundation | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Optimum Investment Group | asset-manager | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Rand Merchant Bank | national-bank | arranger | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Remgro | corporate | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Rupert Nature Foundation | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Sanlam Life | insurer | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Tier Tier 1: Global allocators11 | |||
| BNP Paribas | global-bank | arranger, investor, outcome-funder | Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Citi | global-bank | arranger | Rhino Bond 2022, Cape Water bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| Credit Suisse | global-bank | arranger | Rhino Bond 2022, Belize 2021, Barbados 2022, Galápagos 2023 |
| HSBC | global-bank | arranger | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Uruguay SLB 2022 |
| International Finance Corporation | mdb | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Legal & General | insurer-and-asset-manager | cornerstone-investor, investor | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| MetLife Investment Management | insurer-owned-asset-manager | investor | Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Morgan Stanley | global-bank | arranger, investor | Hampton EIB 2018, Buffalo EIB 2021, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Nuveen | asset-manager | anchor-investor, investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Barbados 2022, Seychelles blue bond 2018 |
| T. Rowe Price | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024, Rhino Bond 2022 |
| World Bank Treasury (IBRD) | mdb | issuer, guarantor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024, Seychelles blue bond 2018 |
| Institution | Kind | Roles | Deals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tier Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital4 | |||
| Calvert Impact Capital | impact-investor | investor | DC Water EIB 2016, Yuba I FRB 2018, Seychelles blue bond 2018 |
| CSAA Insurance Group | insurer | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Yuba II FRB 2021 |
| Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation | foundation | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Yuba II FRB 2021 |
| Rockefeller Foundation | foundation | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Atlanta EIB 2019 |
| Tier Tier 1: Global allocators2 | |||
| Goldman Sachs | global-bank | investor | DC Water EIB 2016 |
| Morgan Stanley | global-bank | arranger, investor | Hampton EIB 2018, Buffalo EIB 2021, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Institution | Kind | Roles | Deals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tier Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital9 | |||
| Alliant Insurance Services | insurance-broker | broker | Belize 2021 |
| Apollo | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 |
| Builders Vision | impact-investor | guarantor | Bahamas 2024 |
| Fidelis | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 |
| Mosaic | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 |
| Sovereign Risk Insurance | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 |
| The Nature Conservancy | ngo-lender | guarantor, investor, endowment-funder | Seychelles conversion 2016, Belize 2021, Barbados 2022, Gabon 2023, Bahamas 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Cape Water bond 2026, Quintana Roo reef insurance 2019, Hawaii reef insurance |
| US International Development Finance Corporation | bilateral-dfi | political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, El Salvador 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024 |
| Vantage Risk | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 |
| Tier Tier 1: Global allocators12 | |||
| AXA | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, credit-insurer, parametric-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023, Bahamas 2024, Galápagos 2023, Mesoamerican Reef insurance |
| Bank of America | global-bank | arranger | Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024 |
| CAF, Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean | mdb | guarantor | El Salvador 2024 |
| Chubb | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 |
| Coface | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Galápagos 2023 |
| Credit Suisse | global-bank | arranger | Rhino Bond 2022, Belize 2021, Barbados 2022, Galápagos 2023 |
| Inter-American Development Bank | mdb | guarantor | Barbados 2022, Galápagos 2023, Bahamas 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Barbados climate-resilience 2024 |
| JPMorgan Chase | global-bank | arranger | El Salvador 2024, Uruguay SLB 2022 |
| Legal & General | insurer-and-asset-manager | cornerstone-investor, investor | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Nuveen | asset-manager | anchor-investor, investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Barbados 2022, Seychelles blue bond 2018 |
| Standard Chartered | global-bank | arranger | Bahamas 2024 |
| Swiss Re | reinsurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, parametric-insurer | Gabon 2023, Quintana Roo reef insurance 2019 |
| Tier Tier 3: National institutions1 | |||
| CIBC Caribbean | national-bank | arranger | Barbados 2022, Barbados climate-resilience 2024 |
| Institution | Tier | Kind | Based in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amundi | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | France |
| BlackRock | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | United States |
| Mirova | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | France |
| Norges Bank Investment Management | Tier 1: Global allocators | sovereign-wealth-fund | Norway |
| State Street | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | United States |
| Vanguard | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | United States |
| Institution | Tier | Kind | Roles | Deals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Based in United States26 | ||||
| AllianceBernstein | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Alliant Insurance Services | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | insurance-broker | broker | Belize 2021 |
| Amazon | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | corporate | outcome-funder | Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Bank of America | Tier 1: Global allocators | global-bank | arranger | Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024 |
| BlackRock | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | — | — |
| Builders Vision | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | impact-investor | guarantor | Bahamas 2024 |
| Calvert Impact Capital | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | impact-investor | investor | DC Water EIB 2016, Yuba I FRB 2018, Seychelles blue bond 2018 |
| Citi | Tier 1: Global allocators | global-bank | arranger | Rhino Bond 2022, Cape Water bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| CSAA Insurance Group | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | insurer | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Yuba II FRB 2021 |
| Global Environment Facility | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | global-fund | outcome-funder | Rhino Bond 2022, Seychelles blue bond 2018 |
| Goldman Sachs | Tier 1: Global allocators | global-bank | investor | DC Water EIB 2016 |
| Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | foundation | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Yuba II FRB 2021 |
| Inter-American Development Bank | Tier 1: Global allocators | mdb | guarantor | Barbados 2022, Galápagos 2023, Bahamas 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Barbados climate-resilience 2024 |
| International Finance Corporation | Tier 1: Global allocators | mdb | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| JPMorgan Chase | Tier 1: Global allocators | global-bank | arranger | El Salvador 2024, Uruguay SLB 2022 |
| MetLife Investment Management | Tier 1: Global allocators | insurer-owned-asset-manager | investor | Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Microsoft | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | corporate | outcome-funder | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| Morgan Stanley | Tier 1: Global allocators | global-bank | arranger, investor | Hampton EIB 2018, Buffalo EIB 2021, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Nuveen | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | anchor-investor, investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Barbados 2022, Seychelles blue bond 2018 |
| Rockefeller Foundation | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | foundation | investor | Yuba I FRB 2018, Atlanta EIB 2019 |
| State Street | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | — | — |
| T. Rowe Price | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024, Rhino Bond 2022 |
| The Nature Conservancy | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | ngo-lender | guarantor, investor, endowment-funder | Seychelles conversion 2016, Belize 2021, Barbados 2022, Gabon 2023, Bahamas 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Cape Water bond 2026, Quintana Roo reef insurance 2019, Hawaii reef insurance |
| US International Development Finance Corporation | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | bilateral-dfi | political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, El Salvador 2024, Ecuador Amazon 2024 |
| Vanguard | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | — | — |
| World Bank Treasury (IBRD) | Tier 1: Global allocators | mdb | issuer, guarantor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024, Seychelles blue bond 2018 |
| Based in South Africa12 | ||||
| Aluwani Capital Partners | Tier 3: National institutions | asset-manager | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Ashburton Investments | Tier 3: National institutions | asset-manager | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Development Bank of Southern Africa | Tier 3: National institutions | national-development-bank | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Eskom Pension and Provident Fund | Tier 3: National institutions | pension-fund | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| FirstRand Bank | Tier 3: National institutions | national-bank | issuer | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| FirstRand Foundation | Tier 3: National institutions | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Lewis Foundation | Tier 3: National institutions | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Optimum Investment Group | Tier 3: National institutions | asset-manager | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Rand Merchant Bank | Tier 3: National institutions | national-bank | arranger | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Remgro | Tier 3: National institutions | corporate | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Rupert Nature Foundation | Tier 3: National institutions | foundation | outcome-funder | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Sanlam Life | Tier 3: National institutions | insurer | investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Based in France5 | ||||
| Amundi | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | — | — |
| AXA | Tier 1: Global allocators | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, credit-insurer, parametric-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023, Bahamas 2024, Galápagos 2023, Mesoamerican Reef insurance |
| BNP Paribas | Tier 1: Global allocators | global-bank | arranger, investor, outcome-funder | Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Coface | Tier 1: Global allocators | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Galápagos 2023 |
| Mirova | Tier 1: Global allocators | asset-manager | — | — |
| Based in Sweden2 | ||||
| AP2 (Second Swedish National Pension Fund) | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | pension-fund | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| Skandia | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | insurer | investor | Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| Based in United Kingdom9 | ||||
| Apollo | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 |
| HSBC | Tier 1: Global allocators | global-bank | arranger | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Uruguay SLB 2022 |
| Impax Asset Management | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Legal & General | Tier 1: Global allocators | insurer-and-asset-manager | cornerstone-investor, investor | Belize 2021, Galápagos 2023, Gabon 2023, Ecuador Amazon 2024, Spekboom bond 2026 |
| Muzinich & Co | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| Rathbones | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | asset-manager | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| RBC BlueBay Asset Management | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| Standard Chartered | Tier 1: Global allocators | global-bank | arranger | Bahamas 2024 |
| WTW | Tier 1: Global allocators | insurance-broker | broker | Mesoamerican Reef insurance, Hawaii reef insurance |
| Based in Netherlands2 | ||||
| ASN Impact Investors | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022 |
| Ingka Investments | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | corporate | investor | Rhino Bond 2022 |
| Based in Italy1 | ||||
| Azimut Investments | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | asset-manager | investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024 |
| Based in Venezuela1 | ||||
| CAF, Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean | Tier 1: Global allocators | mdb | guarantor | El Salvador 2024 |
| Based in Switzerland3 | ||||
| Chubb | Tier 1: Global allocators | insurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 |
| Credit Suisse | Tier 1: Global allocators | global-bank | arranger | Rhino Bond 2022, Belize 2021, Barbados 2022, Galápagos 2023 |
| Swiss Re | Tier 1: Global allocators | reinsurer | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer, parametric-insurer | Gabon 2023, Quintana Roo reef insurance 2019 |
| Based in Barbados1 | ||||
| CIBC Caribbean | Tier 3: National institutions | national-bank | arranger | Barbados 2022, Barbados climate-resilience 2024 |
| Based in Bermuda4 | ||||
| Fidelis | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 |
| Mosaic | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 |
| Sovereign Risk Insurance | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Belize 2021, Gabon 2023 |
| Vantage Risk | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | specialty-insurer-mgu | reinsurer, political-risk-insurer | Gabon 2023 |
| Based in Kenya1 | ||||
| FSD Africa Investments | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | bilateral-dfi | anchor-investor | Cape Water bond 2026 |
| Based in Canada1 | ||||
| Mackenzie Investments | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | asset-manager | anchor-investor, investor | Rhino Bond 2022, Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Spekboom bond 2026, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| Based in Germany1 | ||||
| Munich Re | Tier 1: Global allocators | reinsurer | parametric-insurer | Mesoamerican Reef insurance, Hawaii reef insurance |
| Based in Norway1 | ||||
| Norges Bank Investment Management | Tier 1: Global allocators | sovereign-wealth-fund | — | — |
| Based in Denmark1 | ||||
| Velliv | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | insurer | investor | Amazon reforestation bond 2024, Plastic waste bond 2024 |
| Institution | Last checked | Tier | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| AllianceBernstein | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Alliant Insurance Services | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Aluwani Capital Partners | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Amazon | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Amundi | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Watch list |
| AP2 (Second Swedish National Pension Fund) | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Apollo | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Ashburton Investments | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| ASN Impact Investors | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| AXA | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Azimut Investments | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Bank of America | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| BlackRock | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Watch list |
| BNP Paribas | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Builders Vision | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| CAF, Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Calvert Impact Capital | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Chubb | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| CIBC Caribbean | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Citi | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Coface | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Credit Suisse | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| CSAA Insurance Group | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Development Bank of Southern Africa | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Eskom Pension and Provident Fund | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Fidelis | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| FirstRand Bank | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| FirstRand Foundation | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| FSD Africa Investments | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Global Environment Facility | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Goldman Sachs | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| HSBC | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Impax Asset Management | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Ingka Investments | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Inter-American Development Bank | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| International Finance Corporation | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| JPMorgan Chase | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Legal & General | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Lewis Foundation | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Mackenzie Investments | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| MetLife Investment Management | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Microsoft | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Mirova | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Watch list |
| Morgan Stanley | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Mosaic | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Munich Re | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Muzinich & Co | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Norges Bank Investment Management | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Watch list |
| Nuveen | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| Optimum Investment Group | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Rand Merchant Bank | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Rathbones | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| RBC BlueBay Asset Management | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Remgro | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Rockefeller Foundation | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Rupert Nature Foundation | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Sanlam Life | 2026-10-15 | Tier 3: National institutions | Participant |
| Skandia | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Sovereign Risk Insurance | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Standard Chartered | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| State Street | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Watch list |
| Swiss Re | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| T. Rowe Price | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| The Nature Conservancy | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| US International Development Finance Corporation | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Vanguard | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Watch list |
| Vantage Risk | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| Velliv | 2026-10-15 | Tier 2: Regional and specialist capital | Participant |
| World Bank Treasury (IBRD) | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |
| WTW | 2026-10-15 | Tier 1: Global allocators | Participant |