Orie, O. O. (2011). “The Structure and Function of Yoruba Facial Scarification.” Anthropological Linguistics 53(1): 15-33.
Orie’s linguistic and anthropological analysis of Yoruba facial scarification as a system of encoded lineage. Patterns of one, three, or four stripes etched symmetrically into each cheek allowed observers to discern subethnic origin at a glance. The paper is the ethnographic reference the Evolution of Coordination Nodes framework uses to illustrate the T-form’s legibility signal: a compressed mark on the body that carries clan affiliation across space.