Bromberger, C. (1995). “Football as World-View and as Ritual.” French Cultural Studies 6(18): 293-311.
Bromberger’s fieldwork on football supporter culture in Marseille, Naples, and Turin, analyzed as a society constructed on pseudo-kinship. The stadium as ritual space, the jersey as clan mark, the anthem as ritual song, face paint as body marking, a pre-match fast recalling the fast before communion: the paper is the standard reference for the persistence of the T form inside contemporary secular institutions and supports the framework’s claim that the tribal form is never left behind, it runs underneath.