Hickey, S. and du Toit, A. (2007). Adverse incorporation, social exclusion and chronic poverty. CPRC Working Paper 81. Manchester: Chronic Poverty Research Centre.
A working paper from the Chronic Poverty Research Centre that questions the assumption that inclusion in markets and programs is the cure for poverty. Hickey and du Toit argue that many chronically poor people are already included, on terms that keep them poor, and call this adverse incorporation. The wiki takes the idea into catchment finance as adverse inclusion: participation as low-paid labor, or on contract terms the community did not shape.